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Menampilkan postingan dari September, 2011

Applying Corrective AI to Daily Seasonal Forex Trading

  By Sergei Belov, Ernest Chan, Nahid Jetha, and Akshay Nautiyal     ABSTRACT We applied Corrective AI (Chan, 2022) to a trading model that takes advantage of the intraday seasonality of forex returns. Breedon and Ranaldo (2012)   observed that foreign currencies depreciate vs. the US dollar during their local working hours and appreciate during the local working hours of the US dollar. We first backtested the results of Breedon and Ranaldo on recent EURUSD data from September 2021 to January 2023 and then applied Corrective AI to this trading strategy to achieve a significant increase in performance. Breedon and Ranaldo (2012) described a trading strategy that shorted EURUSD during European working hours (3 AM ET to 9 AM ET, where ET denotes the local time in New York, accounting for daylight savings) and bought EURUSD during US working hours (11 AM ET to 3 PM ET). The rationale is that large-scale institutional buying of the US dollar takes place during European working hours to pa

Stop loss, profit cap, survivorship bias, and black swans

I have long espoused the view that we should not impose stop-losses on mean-reverting strategies, nor profit caps on momentum strategies. My view on the latter has not changed, but it has evolved on the former. My original reason for opposing stop-losses on mean-reverting strategy is this. Say you believe your specific price series is mean-reverting, and say you have entered into a long position when the price is low. Now, however, the price gets much lower, and you are suffering a large unrealized loss. Well, based on your mean-reverting belief, you should buy more instead of liquidating! Indeed, if you backtest the effect of stop-losses on mean-reverting strategies, you will almost inevitably find that they decrease the overall returns and even Sharpe ratios. But what this simplistic view ignored is 1) survivorship bias, and 2) black swan events. (Hat tip: Ben, who prompted me to consider these two issues.) 1) We normally would only trade those price series with a mean-reverting stra

More on automated trading platforms

The ideal software platform for automating backtesting and executing your algorithmic trading strategies depends mainly on your level of programming expertise and your budget. If you are a competent programmer in, say, Java or C#, there is nothing to prevent you from utilizing the API offered (usually for free) by many brokerages to automate execution. And of course, it is also easy for you to write a separate backtesting program utilizing historical data. However, even for programmer-traders, there are a couple of inconveniences in developing these programs from scratch: A) Every time we change brokerages, we have to re-write parts of the low-level functions that utilize the brokerage's API; B) The automated trading program cannot be used to backtest unless a simulator is built to feed the historical data into the program as if they were live. To reduce bugs, it is better to have the same code that both backtests and trades live. This is where a number of open-source algorithmic t